API Specifications & Standards

A comprehensive, multi-section breakdown of the Arazzo specification, explaining workflows orchestration, input-output expressions, and state assertions.

A deep-dive explanation of the AsyncAPI Specification, detailing message-driven architectures, channels, protocols, and event bindings.

An overview of the CloudEvents specification, the CNCF standard for describing event data in a common, vendor-neutral format.

A query and schema definition language specification for APIs, providing a client-specified runtime to request exact data shapes.

A high-performance, open-source universal RPC framework using Protocol Buffers as its interface definition and serialization language.

A reference for the Hypertext Application Language, a simple hypermedia format for JSON and XML APIs, covering _links, curies, _embedded resources, and a comparison with JSON:API.

A reference guide to HTTP caching as defined in RFC 9111, covering freshness, validation, Cache-Control directives, the Vary header, shared versus private caches, and heuristic freshness.

The foundational reference for HTTP, RFC 9110 defines the version-independent semantics of the protocol: methods, status codes, header fields, representations, content negotiation, conditional and range requests, and the authentication framework.

A reference guide to HTTP/2 as defined in RFC 9113, covering binary framing, multiplexed streams over a single connection, HPACK header compression, stream prioritization, and the transport-layer head-of-line blocking that HTTP/3 later addressed.

A reference guide to HTTP/3 as defined in RFC 9114, the version of HTTP that runs over QUIC to eliminate transport-layer head-of-line blocking, with QPACK header compression, 0-RTT, connection migration, and Alt-Svc discovery.

An authoritative guide to JSON Schema, detailing validation vocabulary, conditional schemas, logical operators, and $ref definition resolving.

A technical reference for JSON Web Tokens, covering the header/payload/signature structure, registered claims, JWS versus JWE, signing algorithms, and common validation pitfalls.

A reference for JSON-LD linked data and the Hydra vocabulary, covering @context, @id, @type, hypermedia-driven operations and collections, and a comparison with HAL and JSON:API.

A detailed breakdown of the JSON:API specification, explaining compounds documents, relations, sparse fieldsets, sorting, and pagination models.

An overview of the OData specification, covering standardized query conventions, resource modeling, and where it fits alongside ad-hoc REST APIs.

A comprehensive, multi-section guide to the OpenAPI Specification (OAS), detailing root structures, paths, component registries, and version diffs.

A reference for OpenID Connect, the identity layer on top of OAuth 2.0, covering the ID Token, the authorization code flow with PKCE, the UserInfo endpoint, discovery, and standard scopes.

A reference for the application/problem+json format, covering the standard members, extension members, and validation error patterns used to communicate HTTP API errors.

A reference for SCIM 2.0, the standard protocol for automating user and group provisioning across identity providers and applications, covering the core schema, resource endpoints, PATCH operations, and filtering.

A practical guide to Server-Sent Events, the HTML standard for one-way server-to-client streaming over a single long-lived HTTP connection using the text/event-stream media type.

A reference guide to the WebSocket Protocol defined in RFC 6455, covering the HTTP Upgrade handshake, full-duplex framing, subprotocols, and how it compares to SSE and HTTP polling.